PM Lee Hsien Loong's Interview with CCTV-13 for Leaders' Talk (Mar 2023)

Esther Zou Yun, Leader's Talk Host, CCTV: Your Excellency, Prime Minister, thank you so much for joining us today. China's Two Sessions, the political season, has been successfully concluded not long ago, and you have sent congratulatory letters to Chinese leaders. What do you think is the significance of this year's Two Sessions?
[翻译: 总理阁下，非常感谢您接受我们的采访。中国不久前成功召开了两会，您向中国领导人发出了贺电，您如何评价今年两会的重要意义？]

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong: Very importantly, you have settled the leadership team for the next five years. I have written to President Xi to congratulate him on his re-election, and Premier Li Qiang to congratulate him on his election. I have met him before when he was Party Secretary in Shanghai, so I am looking forward to seeing him in his new capacity and discussing with him how we can take our cooperation forward.

For China, your Two Sessions are very important occasions for setting the agenda and debating the direction of the country. I think the direction has been quite clearly defined in the speeches, in the statements and the interviews which the leaders have given, and we look forward to China implementing this, continuing to prosper and continuing to develop good, mutually beneficial relations with the rest of the world generally, but especially with Asia, and of course, with Singapore.
[翻译: 非常重要的是，中国确定了未来五年的领导班子。我已致函习近平主席，祝贺他再次当选中国国家主席，并致信李强总理祝贺他当选。我曾在李总理担任上海市委书记时见过他，所以我期待在他履新之后与他会面，讨论如何推进双边合作。

对于中国来说，两会是制定和讨论国家未来发展方向的重要场合。我认为中国领导人在讲话、声明和记者会上已经明确表明了前进的方向，我们期待中国朝着既定方向前进，保持繁荣，并继续与世界其他国家，特别是与亚洲国家发展良好的互惠互利关系，当然也包括新加坡。]

Ms Zou: When you met with Chinese President Xi Jinping last year in Bangkok, President Xi described this bilateral relation between China and Singapore as forward looking, strategic and exemplary. He also emphasised that high quality should be the hallmark of this bilateral cooperation. So, Mr Prime Minister, how would you define the bilateral relations between the two countries? Also, how do you think this very distinctive feature of high quality can be pursued and brought forward?
[翻译: 去年您在曼谷与习近平主席会见时，习主席表示，中新关系具有前瞻性、战略性和示范性，要让高质量成为中新合作的鲜明标识。总理先生，您如何定义两国关系？同时您认为如何才能更好地加强与实现“高质量”这个鲜明标识？]

PM Lee: I think we have very good relations. They are broad and encompass many fields, and we have been working together for many years. We established diplomatic relations in 1990, so that was 33 years ago, but in fact, we had cooperation for many years even before that, so we know each other well. I think that there is trust and mutual understanding. We have our different perspectives on issues, but we work with one another, and we have been able to get very substantive projects going.

We have what we called Government-to-Government projects. The first one was the Suzhou Industrial Park (苏州工业园), and that is celebrating its 30th anniversary next year. This has been a very successful project. In fact, it has been ranked the best economic development zone in China, now seven years running, so it has amply fulfilled the hopes we had when we launched the project. Then we had the Tianjin Eco-City (天津生态城), which I think you have visited.
[翻译: 我觉得两国的关系非常好。广泛且涉及多个领域，两国合作多年。新中两国在1990年、也就是33年前建立了外交关系，但其实两国在建交之前就有多年的合作，所以互相了解。我认为两国有互信、能够相互理解，虽然我们有不同的看法，但我们一起合作，推动实施了实质性的项目。

我们开展了政府间的合作项目，第一个是苏州工业园项目，明年就是苏州工业园成立30周年。这是一个非常成功的项目，苏州工业园已被连续7年被评为中国最佳经济开发区，充分实现了我们启动该项目时的愿景。此外，新中双方还合作了天津生态城的项目，我想你也去过。]

Ms Zou: Yes, as my very first story as a journalist when I started working.
[翻译: 是的，我当记者之后的第一个报道就是在那里做的。]

PM Lee: I think that was some years ago, but now it is (in its) 15th anniversary, and it is fulfilling a role, demonstrating and trying out ways to make a city sustainable and eco-friendly, which is important for China and important also for the world.

The third G-to-G project is our Chongqing (重庆) connectivity project, the integrated land-sea transport corridor, which goes from Chongqing (重庆) into Guangxi (广西) and to Beibuwan (北部湾), and that fits in with the Belt and Road Initiative and helps to provide a new link between the interior of China with the outside world. You have a link down the Yangtze River, down the Chang Jiang (长江), but that is some distance and also, it is very, very busy. So an additional link, shorter, faster, out to Southeast Asia and to the rest of the world – we think it makes a significant contribution to the Belt and Road idea.

So I think we have good projects. The private sector, of course, has very extensive cooperation too, because Singapore is one of the biggest sources of investments from foreign countries into China. There is very intense back and forth, and not just into China, but nowadays with the Chinese companies increasingly investing out of China. Many of them are in Singapore, I think thousands of them are in Singapore. During COVID-19, all that to-ing and fro-ing had to be done online, which is not bad, but not the same as being physically there. Now that we have opened up again, there is a lot of pent-up demand, so I think with flights already resumed and building up progressively, the relations will prosper considerably.

Also, we have specific things to do. For example, we have the FTA with China, which we have revised once before, and it is being reviewed again. We are having Subsequent Negotiations, which we hope we will be able to complete before too long.

[翻译: 是的，我想那是几年前的事了。现在这个项目已经成立15年了，是城市可持续发展和生态友好的示范案例，这两方面对中国和世界都很重要。

第三个政府间合作项目是重庆互联互通示范项目，即从重庆到广西，再到北部湾的国际陆海贸易新通道一体化运输走廊，这是“一带一路”倡议的一部分，开拓了中国内陆连通国外的新线路。中国已经通过长江建立了与国外的通路，但是距离较远且水路运输非常繁忙。因此，我们认为与东南亚国家和世界其他地区建立另一条更短、更快的通道对共建“一带一路”倡议做出了重大贡献。

我觉得双方的合作项目非常成功。当然，两国的私营企业间也有非常广泛的合作，新加坡对华投资在世界各国中名列前茅。双向投资也很频繁，不仅是外国企业在中国投资，现在中国公司也越来越多地在境外投资，其中不少在新加坡，我认为有数千家在新加坡。疫情期间，所有的往来只能在线上，虽然还不错，但和面对面的交流还是不一样。现在我们重新开放，之前积攒了很多被压抑的需求，所以我认为随着航班恢复并逐渐增加，两国关系将会进一步发展。

此外，我们还有一些特定的事情要做。例如，我们与中国的自由贸易协定，之前修订过，现在又在重新审议。我们正在进行后续谈判，希望能够尽快完成。]

Ms Zou: The projects that you just mentioned – the new International Land-Sea Trade Corridor, the Suzhou Industrial Park, Tianjin Eco-City – actually those projects are now playing a demonstration role under the Belt and Road Initiative. Singapore is the very first nation among ASEAN members to publicly express support for the Belt and Road Initiative. What has prompted this country to express its support at a very early age? What kind of opportunities do you think this initiative will usher in for not only Singapore, but also the region?
[翻译: 您之前提到的项目，国际陆海贸易新通道、苏州工业园区、天津生态城，其实这些项目现在都在“一带一路”框架下起到示范作用。新加坡是东盟成员国中第一个公开表示支持“一带一路”倡议的国家。为什么新加坡很早就表示支持“一带一路”？您认为“一带一路”倡议会为新加坡以及地区带来什么样的机遇？]

PM Lee: We supported it because we saw this as a good strategic move by China. China is growing, China is prospering, China's place in the world is becoming more important. How China integrates into the region and with the world is very important, because if it is not well managed, there can be frictions, there can be tensions, it can be very difficult.

The Belt and Road Initiative, we saw it as one way China could contribute to the development of the region and therefore integrate itself into the regional network of cooperation and interdependence, and therefore be welcomed across the region in a win-win way. The region needs infrastructure, the infrastructure needs financing. China is capable of doing that – of building infrastructure, it can also help to provide the financing, it can also develop the trade and economic links with the countries in the region. With the Belt and Road Initiative, there is a framework within it which this can be done.

It is not the only links which the countries in the region will have, because we also do business with other parts of the world, with America, with Europe, and we will also have investments and trade with all parts of the world. But with China, within our region, the biggest economy, it is important that we develop that relationship in an open, sustainable and I think, mutually beneficial way. So we saw the Belt and Road Initiative from that light, and therefore we decided that we should say, “yes, it makes sense, we support it”.

From Singapore's point of view, what do we contribute to the Belt and Road? First, we are a financial centre, so it could be one place where projects have financing and where projects can be evaluated. That is an important piece of the infrastructure, the soft infrastructure, for the scheme. And in fact, Singapore is one of the biggest trading centres for Renminbi internationally. That is one aspect of it.

There is also the legal aspect of it, because we are a centre for arbitration and mediation. We have many international law firms operating in Singapore. Countries on the Belt and Road schemes, if they are looking for places to arbitrate their issues or to find legal expertise, we can be one of the sources to meet these projects’ needs. That makes sense for us also.

Thirdly, in Singapore, many companies find us a convenient place to set up what they call “control tower functions”.
[翻译: 我们支持“一带一路”倡议，因为我们认为这是中国提出的一个很好的举措。中国在发展，中国在走向繁荣，中国在世界的地位越来越重要。中国融入地区和世界的方式很重要，如果处理不好，可能会出现摩擦和紧张局势，形势会比较艰难。

“一带一路”倡议，在我们看来，是中国为地区发展作贡献的一种方式。“一带一路”倡议助力中国融入这个合作和相互依存的区域网络，互利双赢，因此受到整个地区的欢迎的。地区发展需要基础设施，基础设施需要融资。中国具备这些能力，既能建设基础设施，又可以提供融资，还可以发展与该地区国家的经贸联系。有了“一带一路”倡议，就有了一个可以实现这些想法的框架。

这不是地区国家间唯一的联系，因为我们还与世界其他地区，比如美国、欧洲开展业务，我们还将在世界各地进行投资和贸易。但是中国是我们区域内最大的经济体，与中国建立开放、可持续和互惠互利的关系非常重要。从这个角度看，我们认为“一带一路”有意义，我们支持它。

从新加坡的角度来看，我们为“一带一路”贡献了什么？首先，我们是金融中心，许多项目可以在新加坡进行融资和评估。这是“一带一路”的重要基础设施，即软基础设施。事实上，新加坡是国际上最大的人民币离岸交易中心之一。这是一个方面。

在法律层面，新加坡是仲裁和调解中心，有许多国际律师事务所。参与“一带一路”倡议的国家如果需要寻找仲裁地或者进行法律咨询，我们可以满足这些需求，这对我们来说也很重要。

第三，许多公司愿意选择新加坡来实现他们的“控制塔职能”。]

Ms Zou: Control tower functions? What do you mean by that?
[翻译: 控制塔职能？这是什么意思呢？]

PM Lee: That means their headquarters, their fiscal management, their human resource management and their oversight of operations all around us, maybe sometimes on a very big footprint throughout the region. If some of the companies would like to set up here, and therefore from here, be able to manage their operations in Southeast Asia better, I think that is good for them, and we are happy to have them.
[翻译: 意思是说在新加坡设立总部，进行财务、人力资源以及运营管理，有时对公司在整个区域内的业务都有重要影响。如果他们想在新加坡开设公司，并在此管理他们在东南亚的业务，我觉得这对他们很好，我们欢迎他们。]

Ms Zou: Is this what you would call win-win, right?
[翻译: 这就是您所说的双赢，对吧？]

PM Lee: That is win-win. As for the Chongqing project, I think the benefit is the connectivity part of it, which means from the interior of China to connect out to Southeast Asia, and from Southeast Asia to the rest of the world. If that can be made smoother, not just the distance, but also the paperwork and administration, so that you can flow conveniently from Chongqing all the way out to the sea, to our port and then you are off, saving days, time and overheads, I think that makes a big difference to the development of the interior of China. You have talked about 西部大开发 (China Western Development) – this is one aspect of it.

To us, because companies in the region want to do business with that market too, so it makes sense.
[翻译: 这就是双赢。说到重庆这个项目，我觉得它的优势在于互联互通，建立了从中国内陆到东南亚、从东南亚到世界其他地方的通道。如果互联互通能更为顺畅，不只是距离，还有简化通关材料和行政流程，那么从重庆一路连通到我们的港口就很便捷，能节省不少时间和费用。我认为这对中国内陆地区的发展很有好处。您谈到了西部大开发，这个是其中的一部分。

对我们来说，因为地区内的公司也想进入这个市场，所以我们也愿意参与。]

Ms Zou: Let us get back to the bilateral relations. Digital economy is becoming one of the new highlights for bilateral cooperation and in November 2021, China has formally applied to join DEPA (Digital Economy Partnership Agreement), which was proposed by Singapore, New Zealand and Chile.
[翻译: 让我们再回到双边关系。数字经济正在成为双边合作的新亮点之一。2021年11月，中国正式申请加入由新加坡、新西兰和智利提出的《数字经济伙伴关系协定》（DEPA）。]

PM Lee: Yes, the three of us formed the DEPA.
[翻译: 是的，目前《数字经济伙伴关系协定》（DEPA）由我们三国组成。]

Ms Zou: What do you think is the significance of China's decision to join this mechanism and how does Singapore see China's accession?
[翻译: 您认为中国决定加入这一协定的意义何在？新加坡如何看待中国的加入？]

PM Lee: I think the digital economy is a very important new growth area for China, certainly because you have many very successful digital companies now – Alibaba, Tencent, TikTok, Douyin (抖音) – and many smaller ones, but extremely vibrant and creative.

For other countries too, it is a growth opportunity, and is therefore also an opportunity for countries to work together in the digital field – establish standards, become interoperable, be able to have the data flows across borders freely and with suitable safeguards. All those require new rules, so therefore, the idea of digital economy agreement is a kind of new-age FTA, for a new kind of trade.

The DEPA is such an initiative. We also have similar agreements with other countries like Britain, Australia, and we are negotiating a few more. I think it is good for China to have an interest in DEPA, because when we formed DEPA, the idea was to have it designed to be open, so that anybody can join – who can meet the standards and will commit to meeting the standards. China has expressed an interest in joining. I think Korea has also expressed an interest, and a few others. We welcome China and the others who are interested in joining, so long as you can meet the standards, participate and add to the agreement.

But of course, once you have an agreement like this, you have got multiple parties, and decisions are made by discussions amongst the parties. You need a consensus, and we look forward to that being worked out.
[翻译: 我认为数字经济是中国的一个非常重要的新增长领域，当然是因为你们现在有很多非常成功的数字公司——阿里巴巴、腾讯、抖音等等，还有很多规模小一些的公司，但非常有活力和创造力。

对于其他国家来说，这也是一个发展机遇，因此也是各国在数字领域合作的机遇。建立标准、实现协作，能够让数据在一定保障下自由跨境流动。这些都需要建立新的规则，因此，数字经济协定类似于数字时代的自贸协定。

《数字经济伙伴关系协定》（DEPA）就是这样一个倡议。我们也与英国、澳大利亚等其他国家签订了类似的协议，我们还在和其他国家进行谈判。我认为中国对《数字经济伙伴关系协定》（DEPA）感兴趣是件好事，因为当我们签署这一协定时，我们就希望它具有开放性，这样任何能够达到标准并承诺保持达标的国家都可以加入。中国已表示有兴趣加入，韩国和一些其他国家也表达了加入的兴趣。我们欢迎中国和其他有兴趣加入的国家，只要能达到标准，就可以加入协定。

当然，一旦加入这样的协定，会有多个参与方，就需要通过各方的讨论来做出决定。需要达成共识，我们期待能够就此达成一致。]

Ms Zou: We look forward to it too. Mr Prime Minister, let us talk a little bit about the China-ASEAN relations because this relation has now entered the fast lane in recent years, with remarkable progress being made, with both sides becoming each other’s largest trading partner, with trade volume increased by about 100 times from 30 years ago, and direct investment exceeding US$310 billion. Astounding achievements, I would say. And now both sides are pushing for a kind of an upgrade for cooperation, which is known as Version 3.0 FTA. So what role do you think Singapore could play in this process?
[翻译: 我们也很期待。总理先生，让我们来谈谈中国与东盟的关系，因为近年来双方关系进入了快车道，取得了长足的进步，双方都成为了彼此最大的贸易伙伴，贸易额比30年前增长了100倍左右，直接投资超过3100亿美元。我觉得这是令人惊叹的成就。现在双方正在推动合作升级，即中国—东盟自贸区3.0版。您认为新加坡在这个过程中可以扮演什么角色？]

PM Lee: We are one member of ASEAN; there are 10 members. We are nearly the smallest, so we have a modest conception of our role in ASEAN, but we will participate in it fully and try to help it to move forward.

Between ASEAN and China, we have an FTA which goes back all the way to 2002. In fact, it was probably the earliest foreign FTA which China completed. It is in the process of being upgraded, just like the China-Singapore FTA, and I think that is one major initiative.

You asked how Singapore can help – apart from participating in ASEAN, one of the ways we help is by showing the potential of what can be done. We have a Singapore-China FTA, it has agreements and provisions, and there is an ASEAN-China FTA. I think when you are negotiating with one country, it is not so complicated as negotiating with a group of 10, and therefore you can go faster and further, but it shows what can be done. Therefore, it is an encouragement when working with ASEAN, to say: “Look, it is possible, Singapore has done it, we have found it good, China has found it workable, why not think about it?”. So that is one way in which Singapore can help to push the ASEAN-China cooperation forward.

I think ASEAN-China economic cooperation also depends on the overall relationship. Because between China and ASEAN, it is not just economic issues, but you also have discussions on political issues and security issues, and there are some problems which need to be worked upon. The more progress we can make working on these problems, I think the easier it will be for us to make further progress on economic cooperation.

For example, we are discussing the Code of Conduct on the South China Sea. And that is something which is not easy to work out, but we have been working with it and we hope to make further progress. If we can make more progress on that and manage the South China Sea issue in a way which respects the interests of both sides and all countries big and small, I think it makes it much easier for economic cooperation to go much further.
[翻译: 我们是东盟十个成员之一。新加坡几乎是其中最小的国家，因此我们了解自己能够在东盟中扮演的角色是有限的，但是我们全力参与，并且努力推动东盟的发展。

东盟和中国的自由贸易协定可以追溯到 2002 年。这可能是中国签订的最早的自由贸易协定。中国和东盟的自由贸易协定正在升级，中新自贸协定也正在升级，我认为这是一项重大举措。

您问到了新加坡扮演的角色——除了作为东盟成员，我们还以身示范,设法展示更多合作的可能性。新加坡和中国签订了自由贸易协定，有协定和条款，东盟和中国也签订了自由贸易协定。我觉得跟一个国家谈判，不像跟十个国家谈判那么复杂，所以双方可以走得更快、走得更远，与此同时也展示了更多可能性。因此这有助于中国与东盟的合作，比如说：“看，这是可行的，新加坡做到了，我们觉得很好，中国觉得可行，为什么不考虑一下呢？”。因此，新加坡可以通过这种方式推动东盟与中国合作向前发展。

我认为东盟与中国的经济合作也取决于双方的整体关系。因为中国和东盟之间，不仅仅是经济联系，还涉及政治和安全议题，有一些问题需要解决。我们在这些问题上取得的进展越大，就越容易在经济合作方面取得更长足的发展。

例如，我们正在讨论南海各方行为准则。要达成一致并不容易，但我们一直在努力，我们希望取得更多进展。如果我们能在南海问题上取得更多进展，尊重双方和所有（相关）国家的利益，不管是大国还是小国，我认为各方的经济合作也会更加紧密。]

Ms Zou: Because when you have a solid base that consists of political factors or the security factors or all the factors combined, which will provide a solid foundation to propel the economic relation.
[翻译: 当政治因素、安全因素或所有因素构成坚实的基础时，将为推动经贸关系提供坚实的基础。]

PM Lee: Because the economics on their own, we can make win-win arguments, but it is much easier to be convinced by win-win arguments when the political relationship is good. Otherwise, there will be many win-win opportunities which you may or may not be able to take advantage of.

Between America and China, for example, I think that is one of the issues you have now, because your relations are tense. Therefore, even when there is opportunity to work together, for example on pandemic cooperation or climate change, it is not so easy.

Between ASEAN and China, the relations are good. But the more we can deal with the non-economic issues well, I think the more the economic relations can prosper. And it works the other way round too – if we can have good economic ties, I think there is more incentive for us to resolve the other problems.
[翻译: 因为如果只是经贸关系本身，我们可以说这是双赢的。但良好的政治关系，会更容易带来双赢的经贸关系。否则，就算有很多双赢的机会，可能有些能抓住，有些就抓不住。

例如，美国和中国之间现在就面临这样的问题，因为两国关系紧张。因此，即使有机会在疫情防控或气候变化方面合作，要促成合作也不容易。

东盟和中国之间的关系很好。我们在非经贸层面的关系越好，双方经贸关系就会越紧密。反之亦然——如果我们能有良好的经贸往来，我们就更有动力去解决其它问题。]

Ms Zou: I agree. China’s rise is interpreted differently in various countries. The overwhelming majority of countries believed that it is not only beneficial to China, but also the rest of the world, but a few still unfortunately see China's rise as a threat. And I know you once said that it is a good thing that China’s influence is growing. Now the question is, how do you think China's rise can be better accommodated in the global system?
[翻译: 我同意。不同国家对中国的发展有不同的解读。绝大多数国家认为，这不仅有利于中国，也有利于世界其他国家。但遗憾的是，少数国家将中国发展视为威胁。您曾经说过，中国的影响力提升是好事。您认为全球体系如何更好地适配中国的发展？]

PM Lee: I think it is a very major change to the global system. China, which used to be maybe two or three percent of global trade, you are now 15 to 20 percent of the global trade, you are 18% of the world’s GDP. It is a tremendous transformation internally for China and externally for the rest of the world.

From a dispassionate point of view, it is good that 1.4 billion people have much better lives now. But from an operationalising point of view, how do we make this transformation work without generating tensions and misunderstandings and difficulties which can create new problems which will be very hard to resolve? And that needs a lot of statesmanship, a lot of give-and-take, a lot of cooperation with other countries, and adjustment on both sides, because other countries must be able to accept that China today is not what China used to be. It is much more prosperous, contribution to the world economy is much more, and its voice in international affairs is much more.

But at the same time, China must also be conscious that the arrangements which worked when you were much smaller, and countries could say, “Well, this is a developing, not so advanced economy, and therefore we can cut it some slack and make some concessions, and therefore allow it to do things which are an extension of the rules which generally apply”.

I think some of those concessions need to be reconsidered, and China has to be able to recalibrate its position in the world. And that is not easy to do on both sides. But I think it is absolutely essential to do because the world cannot afford a conflict between China and the rest of the world, and in particular between China and the US.
[翻译: 我认为中国的发展对全球体系来说是一个重大改变。以前中国在全球贸易中的份额可能只占了2%或者3%，现在已经达到了15%至20%，全球GDP有18%来自中国。这对中国和世界来说，都是巨大的改变。

从客观的角度来看，现在14亿多人的生活改善，这是件好事。但从操作层面来看，如何在不引发紧张、误解和困难的情况下发生这样的变化？紧张、误解和困难会造成一些难以解决的新问题。这就需要政治家的智慧，不断磋商，与其他国家的合作，以及双方的调整。因为其他国家必须能够接受一个事实，那就是今天的中国已经不是过去的中国了。中国更加繁荣，对世界经济的贡献更大，在国际事务中的发言权也更大。

但与此同时，中国也必须意识到，在中国经济规模比较小的时候的一些安排。一些国家会说，“这是一个发展中的经济体，还不是那么发达，因此我们可以放宽一些要求，做出一些让步，因此允许他做一些事情，在普遍适用的规则之外给一些额外优待”。

我认为其中一些让步需要重新考虑，中国应该重新调整他在世界上的位置。这对双方来说都不容易。但我认为有必要这样做，因为世界无法承受中国与世界其他国家之间的冲突，尤其是中美之间的冲突。]

Ms Zou: What kind of vision do you have for the relations between China and the United States, given that now, that is, we could say one of the most important bilateral relations, not only concerning the two countries, but also countries around the world?
[翻译: 您对中美关系有什么样的愿景？由于中美关系可以说是最重要的双边关系之一，不仅关系到两国，也关系到世界各国。]

PM Lee: I think you have to take things step by step, and stabilise the relations and then gradually build trust, and gradually try to move forward. I know that President Xi and President Biden has spoken to each other, they spoke online and they met in Bali. And Anthony Blinken, Secretary of State, was due to visit China and that had to be put off. I hope that their contacts will be able to build. And that the situation can be stable, and no mishaps will take place. And then gradually, you can improve things. But it will take time. It is not easy and there are political pressures on both sides.
[翻译: 我觉得要循序渐进，稳定关系，然后逐渐建立信任，逐步往前走。我知道习近平主席和拜登总统有过交流，包括线上，他们在巴厘岛见了面。美国国务卿安东尼•布林肯原计划访问中国，但因故推迟。我希望中美之间可以建立联系，局势能够稳定，不要发生什么意外事件。然后逐渐地改善关系。但这需要时间。这并不容易，双方都有政治压力。]

Ms Zou: Mr Prime Minister, let us shift gears a little bit and come back to Singapore. What people outside of Singapore always talk about is that unique model of development, and I know you would rather call it a kind of approach. I still remember about 20 years ago when I came to Singapore for the very first time with my parents, they told me that you have to behave because everything here is very strict. They also emphasised that no gum or you will be punished. I know this is hilarious for sure, but Singapore does have its very unique way of governance, which is reflected in its law and order, in its economic growth and in its efficient government. So as the Prime Minister of Singapore, how do you think this country, which is a small island state with very limited resources can not only survive, but also thrive?
[翻译: 总理先生，让我们聊回到新加坡。外国人总会说起新加坡独特的发展模式，我知道您更愿意称之为一种方式。我还记得大约 20 年前，当我和父母第一次来新加坡时，他们告诉我一定要乖乖的，因为新加坡非常严格。他们还强调，不要吃口香糖，否则会受到惩罚。您可能觉得我说的经历很好笑，但新加坡确实有其非常独特的治理方式，体现在其法律和秩序、经济增长和高效的政府等方面。您作为总理，您认为新加坡作为一个资源有限的岛国，如何做到不仅生存下去，而且实现了繁荣和发展？]

PM Lee: First, we must know that we are a small country surrounded by much bigger countries and will always be. We are small in geographical area, we are small in population – we reclaim land from the sea and so the area gets a little bit bigger, our population grows a little bit every year, not quite enough from our own babies, but partly from immigration – but even then, we will still be small.

Therefore, if we are conscious of that, we have to make up for that. Make up for that by working more cohesively, being more creative, making the most of our people, running an efficient system – clean, trusted and respected – and doing sensible things so that we can create value not just for ourselves to make a living, but for other people to say, “yes, Singapore has something to add, let’s work with Singapore, and take advantage of this.” That way we make ourselves useful to others, and therefore, we make a living in the world.

Of course, we have to make friends with many countries. Because if you can have friends who make common cause with you on issues, which are important to you and to them, that helps us not just economically, but in terms of our network and our position in the world. In ASEAN, we are small, but we contribute to ASEAN deliberations. At the UN, we are one of the smallest members, but we organise the Forum of Small States. These are all little countries at the UN who otherwise will not have a chance to have their voice and concerns paid a lot of attention to, but we get together and so people pay a little bit more attention to the concerns of the small states.

Because we have been active in bringing people together, I think that helps them and helps us too. So you have to understand what is happening around the world to secure our position; within the country, we have to be able to work together and care for one another, and understand that we are Singaporeans together, so whatever arguments we may have, or differences, please remember that what we share in common is much more important.
[翻译: 首先，我们必须了解新加坡是一个小国，周围是比我们大的邻国，而且这种情况永远不会变。我们的地理面积小，我们的人口少——我们填海造地来增加一点面积，我们的人口每年增长一点，本国居民生的孩子不多，移民会贡献一部分人口增长。但即便如此，我们仍然是一个小国。

因此，如果我们意识到这一点，我们就必须弥补自己的劣势。通过同心协力、更有创造力、充分发挥人才优势、运行高效廉洁、值得信赖和尊重的治理体系，做出明智的选择，为自己创造价值、谋取生计，这样其他人也会说：“是的，新加坡有可取之处，让我们与新加坡合作，更好地利用这些优势。”通过这种方式，我们就对其他人产生了价值，所以我们才能在世界上生存下来。
当然，我们要和很多国家交朋友。因为如果能和友好国家在双方都关切的重要议题上达成一致，那不仅在经济上对我们有帮助，而且对我们建立关系网和提升世界地位也有帮助。在东盟内部，我们是一个小国，但我们为东盟的深思熟虑作出了贡献。在联合国，我们是最小的成员国之一，但我们组织了小国论坛，参与者都是联合国的小国。没有这样的论坛，他们的声音和关切不会得到太多关注，但当我们聚在一起共同发声的时候，人们会更多地关注小国的关切。

因为我们一直积极地促成彼此之间的联系，我认为这对他们有帮助，对我们也有帮助。因此，我们必须了解世界才能确保我们的地位。在国内，我们必须共同努力并互相关心，认识到我们都是新加坡人，所以无论我们有什么争论或分歧，要记住我们的共同身份更为重要。]

Ms Zou: So to me it sounds like the unity within the country and also the very close ties or good relations with other parts of the world.
[翻译: 您的意思就是要保持国家内部的团结，同时与世界其他地区建立紧密联系或良好关系。]

PM Lee: Yes, with our neighbours and with major countries, and even small countries elsewhere. If you look at where our big markets are, you are talking about China, Europe and America; but if you ask who are our friends, these are our friends, but many small countries are our friends too. We have time for them and we hope they have time for us.
[翻译: 是的，新加坡要与邻国和世界大国、甚至其他地区的小国建立良好关系。如果说到我们的主要市场在哪里，一般会提到中国、欧洲和美国；但是如果您问谁是我们的朋友，这些国家都是我们的朋友，但是很多小国也是我们的朋友。我们为他们留出时间，也希望他们留出时间和我们交流。]

Ms Zou: Talking about China-Singapore relations, the one person we have to mention is Mr Lee Kuan Yew who is the founding Prime Minister of Singapore and also an old friend of the Chinese people. In an exclusive interview with CCTV back in 2005, he said that China's growth and its rise will bring strong impetus to Southeast Asia. He also said, “Singapore will perform the role of base to understand Southeast Asia.” So now about 20 years later, as his son and also the Prime Minister of Singapore, how do you understand his words? What vision do you have for the future of your country?
[翻译: 谈到中新关系，我们肯定会提到李光耀先生，新加坡的建国总理，也是中国人民的老朋友。早在2005年接受中央电视台专访时，他就表示，中国的发展和崛起将为东南亚带来强劲动力。他还说，“新加坡将扮演了解东南亚之大本营的角色。”近20年后的今天，作为他的儿子，同时也是新加坡总理，您如何理解他的话？您对新加坡的未来有什么愿景？]

PM Lee: There is no doubt that China's rise has been an enormous benefit to Southeast Asia. Nearly every country in Southeast Asia has China as its biggest trading partner. Singapore does too. That is a tremendous economic opportunity. I think Singapore pays disproportionate attention to this, and in the early years, we were perhaps moving faster than the others in developing the economic relationship, but as the other countries have established their links and as China has progressively expanded its network, now China has its network with all the countries in Southeast Asia in its own right. You deal directly with Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and all of the countries.

So what is our role? I think for your companies, there is a value in working with Singapore and through Singapore, managing their presence in Southeast Asia, as I explained just now with the control tower functions and headquarters activities; the financial activities through Singapore are significant. Also, I think, Singapore, we articulate more explicitly what is at stake in developing the relationship with China in maintaining peace, stability and prosperity in this part of the world. We hope that by speaking up that way, we can exercise some modest influence to encourage countries to think about the opportunities and risks in the international scene, and work together to take advantage of one and avoid the other.
[翻译: 毫无疑问，中国的发展给东南亚带来了巨大的好处。对几乎每个东南亚国家来说，中国都是最大的贸易伙伴。新加坡也是如此。这是一个巨大的经济机遇。新加坡非常重视与中国的贸易关系，早些年，我们在发展经贸关系方面可能比其他国家走得更快，但随着其他国家与中国建立联系，随着中国逐步扩大伙伴关系，现在中国已经与东南亚所有国家都建立了关系。中国直接与泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚等国家打交道。

那么新加坡能够扮演什么角色？我认为对于中国的公司来说，可以与新加坡合作并通过新加坡管理公司在东南亚的业务，就是我刚才提到的控制塔和总部功能。还有新加坡很多的金融活动。此外，我认为新加坡更明确地阐明了建立与中国的关系对于维护世界以及地区的和平、稳定与繁荣的重要作用。我们希望通过这样的表态，能够发挥一些影响力，促使各国思考国际舞台上的机遇和风险，共同努力，抓住机遇，规避风险。]

Ms Zou: What vision do you have for the future of your country as Mr Lee Kuan Yew’s son and also the Prime Minister of Singapore?
[翻译: 作为李光耀先生的儿子和新加坡总理，您对国家的未来有什么愿景？]

PM Lee: We have built a country which has increasingly had a sense of nationhood and identity. It has prospered now for more than one generation, and what we would like to see is that it can continue to evolve and develop into the future, keeping up with the times, but at the same time maintaining the values, instincts and culture, which have made us unique and successful. So that is quite hard, you have to keep up with what is happening, but at the same time, you must not forget what made this place tick.

Sometimes when you have something new happen in the world, you think, “wow, the world has completely changed”, and then you think maybe we can forget about all the old issues and concerns which we had, which we took account of as we came here, and that may or may not be true. So how to remember that some things do not change – that we are still small, we are still vulnerable, we still have to work hard, we still need to make friends and we still need to stay together as one Singapore? That is something which we work at. We work at it in our schools, with our national servicemen when they serve in the army or in the security forces or civil defence forces, but it is something which you have to keep on conveying from generation to generation. If we can do that, then Singapore will be successful.
[翻译: 我们建立了一个越来越具有国家意识和认同感的国家。国家的繁荣已超过一代人，我们希望看到，新加坡能够在未来继续进步和发展，与时俱进，同时保持我们的价值观、本能和文化，这些形成了我们的特质，并帮助我们取得了成功。所以这很难，你必须与时俱进，但与此同时，必须不忘本源。

有时世界上发生了一些新的事情，你会想，“哇，世界已经完全改变了”。然后你想也许我们可以忘掉曾经的问题和关切，我们一路走来考虑的这些问题不管是否是真的。所以怎么样记住那些不变的事实——我们仍然是一个小国，我们仍然脆弱，我们仍然需要努力奋斗，我们仍然需要交朋友，我们仍然需要团结一心。这就是我们专注的方面，我们在学校、国民服役人员，不管是军队、安全部队或民防部队服役的士兵，这些都需要代代相传。如果我们能做到这种传承，新加坡就会成功。]

Ms Zou: Singapore has also played a very unique part in regional and international affairs. Now the world is faced with so many unprecedented challenges and changes, so what role do you think Singapore could play in the current global system? Also, Singapore has supported and participated in the Global Development Initiative which is proposed by China. In which way do you think GDI could help in addressing the ongoing global challenges?
[翻译: 新加坡在地区和国际事务中也发挥了非常独特的作用。现在世界正面临许多前所未有的挑战和变局，您认为新加坡在当前的全球体系中可以扮演什么角色？新加坡也支持并参与了中国提出的全球发展倡议。您认为全球发展倡议（GDI）在应对当前的全球挑战方面可以发挥怎样的作用？]

PM Lee: Well, as a small country, we do not determine world affairs. We have to take the world as it is, but we speak up, and we make common cause with other countries and therefore hopefully, our voice is heard.

We stand up for a rules-based international system. We stand up for fundamental principles of the UN Charter. When Ukraine was invaded, we had to say very clearly that this was against the UN Charter, this was a violation of territorial integrity of a country, and we opposed it. In fact, we imposed some selective targeted sanctions on Russia.

It is not that we are hostile to Russia, or are Russia's enemy, but we cannot stand for such conduct. That has always been our position – whether, on one occasion, when the Americans invaded Grenada, we took such a view at the UN, and on other occasions, we have done that too, consistently.

These are fundamental principles which we have to stand up for, and we have to speak up. I think, speaking up for an international order, which enables countries big and small, to compete peacefully and coexist together. I think that is very important. Because if you do not speak up, and one day something happens to you, who is going to speak up for you?

So we have to speak up for the international order, we have to work with other countries. And we make friends with countries, big and small. We go on principles rather than sides, so we have to follow the principle and be consistent and stand by it.

I think that has served us well. We are friends with China, we are also friends with Europe, we are also friends with America. And we hope to remain that, whatever the state of the world.
[翻译: 作为一个小国，我们无法决定国际形势。我们必须接受世界的现状，但我们会进行呼吁，与其他国家共同努力，希望世界能听到我们的声音。

我们支持基于规则的国际体系。我们捍卫《联合国宪章》的基本原则。当乌克兰被入侵时，我们必须明确地表示，这是违反《联合国宪章》的，这是对一个国家领土完整的侵犯，我们表示反对。事实上，我们有选择性地对俄罗斯实施了一些针对性制裁。

我们并非敌视俄罗斯，也不是俄罗斯的敌人，但是我们不能支持这种行为。这一直是我们的立场——当美国入侵格林纳达时，我们在联合国也是这样的立场，在其他场合，我们也一直这样做。

这些是我们必须坚持的根本原则，我们必须大声疾呼，呼吁建立使大小国家能够和平竞争并共存的国际秩序。我认为这非常重要。因为如果我们不发声，有一天我们出事了，谁来为我们发声？

所以我们必须为国际秩序发声，我们必须与其他国家合作。我们与大大小小的国家交朋友。我们坚持原则而不是选择某一方站队，所以我们必须遵循原则，始终如一，坚持原则。

我认为这对我们有利。我们是中国的朋友，我们也是欧洲的朋友，我们也是美国的朋友。无论世界形势如何，我们希望保持这种状态。]

Ms Zou: What about Global Development Initiative, GDI? How do you think that helps?
[翻译: 您如何看待全球发展倡议（GDI）呢？这个倡议起到什么作用？]

PM Lee: We are a member of the Friends of GDI group. We think that the objectives of the GDI, which are consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN, are good ones. We think that they can be implemented in a way which is pragmatic, which is inclusive, which is open, so we are in support of this, just as we are in support of other initiatives and other groupings. They do not always include everybody, but if they can help to promote development and cooperation, it is worth pursuing.
[翻译: 我们是“全球发展倡议（GDI）之友小组”的成员。我们认为全球发展倡议的目标是好的，与联合国可持续发展目标是一致的。我们认为可以用务实、包容、开放的方式实施全球发展倡议，因此我们支持这一倡议，就像我们支持其他倡议和其他小组一样。这些倡议和小组不一定都会包括所有国家，但如果它们有助于促进发展与合作，那就值得追求。]

Ms Zou: Mr Prime Minister, let us talk a little bit about yourself. I heard that you have great passion for mathematics. For instance, when people like me take a vacation, we relax and we have fun, right? But I heard when you take a vacation, you will spend some of your vacation time to look into unsolved mathematical problems, and that is depicted by some local media as revealing the geeky side of you every now and then. Back in your days in Cambridge, some professors say they felt it was a pity for you to become a politician and not a mathematician, because you were back then a rising star in the world of math. So do you ever regret about this choice? And how do you think your mastery of mathematics has influenced your approach of governance?
[翻译: 总理先生，我们谈谈您个人。我听说您对数学很有热情。像我这样的人去度假时，我们会放松玩。我们听说您休假的时候，会专门拿出时间去研究未解决的数学问题。当地媒体描述说这“时不时地暴露出您极客的一面。”您在剑桥读书的时候，一些教授认为您成为政治家而不是数学家很可惜，因为您当时是数学界一颗冉冉升起的新星。您有没有后悔过这个选择呢？您认为数学对您治国理政的方式有什么影响？]

PM Lee: I do not regret. I was not a rising star, I was a promising student.
[翻译: 我不后悔。我不是一颗冉冉升起的新星，我只是一个有前途的学生。]

Ms Zou: You are being modest.
[翻译: 您谦虚了。]

PM Lee: No, it is a vast field. I did two undergraduate years in Mathematics, so it is just barely at the foothills. I enjoyed it, I was not bad at it, but there are many more talented and brilliant mathematicians in the world than me. I decided that I had the responsibility to come back to Singapore, be part of Singapore, and do what I could to help the country to succeed. It is a small country, it was at that time a very new country – the first few years of independence, and every bit of every person who could make a difference should make a difference. I thought I would like to do that and do my best, and I think that is the right thing to do.

It has been a very fulfilling life. I had been first in the armed forces, and then after that in Government, and I have been in Government now nearly 40 years. It is tremendously, intellectually stimulating, because you deal with such a wide range of issues. Some of them quantitative, you have to make your budgets balanced.
[翻译: 并没有，这是一个浩瀚的领域。我读了两年的数学本科课程，所以才刚刚起步。我很喜欢数学，我学得还不错，但世界上有很多比我有天赋、比我才华横溢的数学家。我觉得我有责任回到新加坡，成为新加坡的一份子，尽我所能帮助新加坡取得成功。新加坡是一个小国家，当时是一个非常新的国家——刚获得独立的头几年，每个能有所作为的人都应该发挥作用。我愿意这样做并尽力而为，我认为这是正确的选择。

我过着非常充实的生活。我先在部队服役，然后在政府工作，至今我已经在政府工作了将近 40 年。这对我的思维是个极大的训练，因为要处理的问题涵盖方方面面。其中一些要量化，比如要平衡预算。]

Ms Zou: Which is what you are good at, all those numbers, right?
[翻译: 这正好是您擅长的，和数字打交道，对吗？]

PM Lee: No, but then you see, it is never just numbers. The numbers have to work, but you must be able to make it work in terms which people can understand, accept and want to see. What difference does it make to somebody's life? Why does it matter to them? Why does it matter to us? Which ones should go first? Is it more important to build more houses first? Is it more important to have less social impact from migrant workers in the country? Is it more important to grow faster, or maybe to pay more attention to social welfare issues and accept lower growth in order to have less pressure on the people?

So, these are often intangible, difficult-to-settle issues, and difficult to settle permanently. There are no permanent solutions. You cannot say, “done, proven, QED, put aside, next problem.” You cannot say, “check, done.” These are issues which will come back over and over again, year after year, in different forms. You solve it, some other issue will take its place or this will come back in a different way. China has the same situation.
[翻译: 其实不尽然，不仅仅是数字。这些数字必须行之有效，但同时必须以人们可以理解、接受和期望的方式让这些数字发挥作用。它对某人的生活有什么影响？为什么对他们很重要？为什么对我们有影响？哪项工作应该优先？多盖房子更重要，还是减少外来劳工对国家的影响更重要？是更快地增长更重要，还是应该更多地关注社会福利问题，接受较低的增长速度以减轻人们的压力？

这些往往是无形的、难以解决的问题，也很难永久解决。没有永久的解决方案。你不能说，“完成，证明了，证毕(QED)，放到一边，下一个问题。”也不能说，“打钩，完成了。”有些问题将以不同的形式年复一年地反复出现。你解决了一个问题，其他问题又会出现，或者老问题会以另一种形式出现。中国也有同样的情况。]

Ms Zou: Same with every country.
[翻译: 每个国家都有这种情况。]

PM Lee: You solve the problem of poverty, then you have the question of inequality, you address that. But there is never any point where you can say my job is done. And to get it done, it is not just the intellectual problem of which is the right solution, but it is also the people challenge – that you have to persuade people, you have to mobilise them, you have to get them to trust you, then you have to make things happen, and make people believe that they can do things, which they may not have believed that it was possible for them to do.
[翻译: 你解决了贫困问题，然后又需要解决贫富不均的问题。永远不可能说大功告成。而要解决问题，不仅仅需要运用智慧给出正确的解决方案，还要面对人——你必须说服民众，必须动员大家，必须获得人民的信任，必须让事情落实，让他们相信自己可以做到，他们可能以前并不相信自己能做到。]

Ms Zou: How do you get your people to trust you, Mr Prime Minister? It is very tough, right?
[翻译: 总理先生，您如何让人民信任您呢？这很难做到，是吧？]

PM Lee: It is an unending task. But after many years, having been in the public eye for many years, people know you and they have seen you. They have seen your conduct, they have heard what you have said. 听其言而观其行 – listen to what he says, watch what he does.
[翻译: 这是一项永无止境的工作。但是我在公众视野中多年，人们了解我，看到了我。他们看到了我的表现，他们听到了我所说的话。也就是听其言而观其行。]

Ms Zou: To build the reputation gradually.
[翻译: 逐步建立口碑。]

PM Lee: Look and see what happens in different situations. Are you there for them or not? Are you still reliable under pressure or not? Do you have a message and hope for them or not? And gradually, you can build up. It takes time.
[翻译: 人们会观察。你在他们身边吗？你是不是能处惊不变？你有没有给他们传递信念和希望？慢慢地，建立起口碑。这需要时间。]

Ms Zou: So for you it is not only just talk the talk, but also walk the walk?
[翻译: 所以您必须说到做到，言行一致？]

PM Lee: Well, any leader needs to do both.
[翻译: 任何领导人都需要这样。]

Ms Zou: Yes, Mr Prime Minister, as you mentioned, you have a very unique and broad set of life experience. You were introduced to politics at the tender age of 11 when you followed your father to many political events, you graduated top of your class and your professor back in Cambridge said you really won by a street, you are a two-time cancer survivor and you have experienced numerous ups and downs in your life. And I noticed that you wrote on your social media network, some challenges might stop us, but with persistence and by keeping an open mind, we might take a step or two closer to a solution. Is this the kind of value that always inspires you to move forward?
[翻译: 是的，总理先生，正如您所说，您拥有非常独特和丰富的人生经历。您在 11 岁的时候就开始接触政治，当时您跟随父亲参加了许多政治活动，你以全班第一名的成绩毕业，您在剑桥的教授说您在班里遥遥领先，您战胜过癌症两次，在生活中经历了无数的起起落落。我注意到您在社交媒体上写道，一些挑战可能会阻挡我们的步伐，但只要坚持不懈并保持开放的心态，我们就可能会朝解决问题迈进一两步。这是否就是时刻激励您前行的价值观？]

PM Lee: That is the point I have come to now, but it has been a journey to get here. I hope that they will keep on making me work at the problems which we have to work at.
[翻译: 这就是我能走到现在的原因，但也是经历了一个过程。我希望这种价值观能继续激励我努力解决必须解决的问题。]

Ms Zou: Is persistence and by keeping an open mind, something that we need to address some thorny international issues in your opinion?
[翻译: 您认为解决一些棘手的国际问题需要这种坚持不懈的精神和保持开放的心态吗？]

PM Lee: Yes, of course, but you will need much more than that. It needs to be on all sides.
[翻译: 是的，当然，但你需要的还远不止这些。需要全方位的努力。]

Ms Zou: Finally, last year you celebrated your 10th anniversary on social media. People love your posts, especially the photos that you took, and some even say you can moonlight as a professional photographer.
[翻译: 去年是您开设社交媒体账号10周年。人们喜欢您的帖子，尤其是您拍摄的照片，甚至有人说您可以兼职当专业摄影师。]

PM Lee: I will starve.
[翻译: 那我会吃不上饭的。]

Ms Zou: So if we take this chance and I invite you to have this innovative interaction with our Chinese viewers and netizens, what would it be?
[翻译: 如果我们借此机会邀请您与我们的中国观众和网友来一次创新互动，您会怎么做？]

PM Lee: I once did an interactive online interview on social media, not spoken but typed. I spent one and a half hours, questions came in, and I chose the ones I wanted to answer and answered. Mostly from Singapore naturally, but there were some from overseas. I think if I did it in China, I would be overwhelmed. But maybe I might be able to pick up a sampling of the questions, and I think it would be a more challenging experience than taking a press conference after Liang Hui (两会).
[翻译: 我曾经在社交媒体上做过一次交互式在线采访，不是口头采访而是打字。我花了一个半小时，大家提问题，我选择想回答的问题来回答。大部分问题来自新加坡，也有一些来自海外。我想如果我在中国做这样的采访，我会应接不暇。但也许我可以抽取一部分问题，我认为这会比两会之后的新闻发布会更具挑战性。]

Ms Zou: Why is that? Is it because of the language or?
[翻译: 这是为什么呢？是因为语言还是别的因素？]

PM Lee: No, because online, people have all sorts of questions. Some of them are very far out of the box and make you think.
[翻译: 没有，因为是线上交流，人们会有各种各样的问题。其中一些会天马行空引人思考。]

Ms Zou: You said that the experience on social media is fun, surprising, instructive, and at times bewildering. Very mixed feelings, huh?
[翻译: 您说在社交媒体上的体验很有趣、有惊喜、有启发，但有时也令人困惑。很复杂的感觉，是吧？]

PM Lee: Yes. Because the idea is to reach out to a new generation. A group which is not likely to be reached by the standard means. If you make a speech, they are not there listening to you. If you put it on television, quite a number will see, but not everybody will watch. If it is a long or complicated message, that is even harder to get across.

So with social media, you get to reach a different crowd and you have to package your message in a different way to reach them. It is not possible to have a long exposition – 500 to 1,000 words, in depth analysis – it is not possible. But one snippet here, one nugget there, a picture which tells a story, you hope to get some of the message across, to get them to understand, and we hope to get them on my side. Sometimes you can do that, sometimes the message may be just not suitable for this medium, so we have to accept that, but it is still something good to do.
[翻译: 是的。我这样做是为了接触新一代的年轻人。通过一般的方式我们很难接触到这个群体。如果你发表演讲，他们不会在那里听你讲话。如果在电视上说，很多人会看到，但不是每个人都会看。如果你讲得很长或很复杂，别人就更难理解。

因此，借助社交媒体，我可以接触到不同的人群，并且要以不同的方式包装我想说的以触达这些人群。肯定不可能发表长篇大论，500 到 1000 字的那种，不能深入分析，这是不可能的。只能这里发个小片段，那里发点想法，来一张讲故事的图片，我希望把这些信息传达出去，让他们理解，希望获得他们的支持。有时可以做到，有时信息和社交平台不匹配，我们只能接受，但这仍然是一种有益的尝试。]

Ms Zou: You are not only very passionate about mathematics, and also I think you not only believe in persistence and also by keeping an open mind. The other thing, hope sometimes is very well needed because in your National Day Rally in 2021, you quoted a song《春天里》.
[翻译: 您不仅对数学很有热情，而且相信坚韧的精神保持开放的心态。另外您在2021年的国庆群众大会上，你引用了一首歌《春天里》的歌词。]

PM Lee: Yes.
[翻译: 对的。]

Ms Zou: And you even sang a little bit.
[翻译: 您还唱了几句。]

PM Lee: Yes. No, I cannot sing.
[翻译: 没有，我不会唱歌。]

Ms Zou: I know, but you sang a little bit “春天里的百花香，啷里格啷里格啷里格啷”. But what you really care is about the scripts at very end, right? “不用伤，前途自有风和浪。莫彷徨，黑暗尽处有曙光”. Why did you decide to quote that specific line for that very special occasion?
[翻译: 我知道，但是您唱了一点“春天里的百花香，啷里格啷里格啷里格啷”。但您真正想表达的是歌词的末尾部分，对吧？“不用伤，前途自有风和浪。莫彷徨，黑暗尽处有曙光”。您为什么决定在那个非常特殊的场合引用这句歌词呢？]

PM Lee: Because we were in COVID-19, we were coming out of COVID-19, had not quite emerged from the tunnel yet, but there was in fact light in front of the tunnel. I thought that was something which I should remind Singaporeans, because you could see the light there, and yet, it was still necessary for the government to take some measures to keep things tight, and we could not relax our measures yet. We needed to encourage people to hang on, the dawn is coming.
[翻译: 因为当时我们还在新冠疫情当中，刚开始走出疫情，还没有走出隧道，但隧道前方确有曙光。我认为我需要提醒新加坡民众，我们已经可以看到前方的曙光，但是政府仍然需要采取一些措施来控制疫情，我们还不能放松防控措施。我们需要鼓励人们坚持下去，黎明即将来临。]

Ms Zou: So what about now? What do you think are urgently needed at this specific timing?
[翻译: 那现在呢？您认为在这个特定的时间点我们迫切需要做什么？]

PM Lee: For COVID-19?
[翻译: 您是说新冠疫情防控方面吗？]

Ms Zou: For everything.
[翻译: 各个方面。]

PM Lee: We have come out of COVID-19. I mean, we are living with it now as part of what we call an endemic state, but basically, it is part of our life and life goes on. But there are new issues in the world post-COVID-19. We are not able to take a holiday after COVID-19. You have to come back and the term has started again. We work again.
[翻译: 我们已经走出了新冠疫情。我的意思是，我们现在与病毒共存，它是我们生活的一部分，生活在继续。但是在后疫情时代，世界出现了新问题。疫情之后我们无法休假。必须回来，新学期开始了。我们又得解决新问题了。]

Ms Zou: So you do not have vacation time to look into and solve some of the mathematics problems?
[翻译: 所以您没有假期去研究和解决一些数学问题了？]

PM Lee: I do take breaks from time to time, but the mind cannot completely switch off.
[翻译: 我会时不时地休息一下，但没有办法完全把大脑放空。]

Ms Zou: Mr Prime Minister, it was a great pleasure and honour talking to you. We really appreciate all the experiences, insights and also stories that you shared with us today.
[翻译: 总理先生，很荣幸能够采访您。我们非常感谢您与我们分享自身的经历、见解和故事。]

PM Lee: Thank you. I enjoyed it.
[翻译: 谢谢。非常高兴接受采访。]